Sannadku markuu ahaa 2011-kii waxa uu xusay sannadguuradii 550aad iyo 540aad ee boqornimadii King Edward IV (1442-1483).Edward IV waxa u dhashay Richard, Duke of York iyo Cicely Neville, gabadhii Ralph Neville. , 1st Earl ee Westmorland iyo Joan Beaufort Countess of Westmorland, 28th April 1442 ee Rouen, Normandy.Edward qoyskiisu waxay ka tirsan yihiin House of Plantagenet, awoowyaashiisna waxay ku fadhiyeen carshiga Ingiriiska tan iyo 1154. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gurigu wuxuu u kala jabay laba qaybood oo iska soo horjeeda - House of Lancaster iyo House of York - labaduba waxay danaynayeen inay iyagu iskood u sheeganayaan carshiga. In kasta oo Lancastrians ay xukumayeen tan iyo 1399, xukunkii daciifka ahaa ee Henry VI iyo jirro maskaxeed oo xigay ayaa keentay Edward aabihiis, oo ka soo farcamay Edward III isaga oo sii maraya laanta Yorkist, si uu u raadsado sheegashadiisa carshiga 1455.

Richard's mucaaradka Lancastrians waxay sabab u ahayd dagaalladii sokeeye ee caanka ahaa ee u dhexeeyay labada guri, oo loo yaqaan Dagaalkii Roses sababtoo ah astaamaha guri kasta ( Rose Rose ee Lancastrians iyo ubax cad oo Yorkists ah ), kaas oo si isdaba joog ah u socday dagaallo ba’an oo dhiig badan ku daatay 30-kii sano ee soo socda.

25kii Oktoobar 1460kii, baarlamaanka Ingriisku wuxuu ansixiyay sharciga heshiiska, kaas oo dhigaya in Henry VI uu sii ahaado boqor inta ka hartay. Noloshiisa, laakiin in Richard iyo/ama dhaxlayaashiisu ay ku guuleysan doonaan Henry carshiga. Tani waxa ay keentay in aan yaraynqayb ka mid ah tilmaanta calaamadda ah ee Richard oo ku qasbay inuu galo Maxkamadda Boqortooyada oo uu gacanta saaro carshiga madhan ee England shan iyo toban maalmood ka hor. Henry waxa uu u cararay si uu u dhuunto.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee Xeerka Accord sinaba ma aha sababta keentay xabbad-joojin u dhaxaysa guryaha dagaalka. Ilaalinta xuquuqda wiilkeeda yar ee Edward ee Westminster, Prince of Wales, xaaska Henry, boqoradda xoogga badan ee Margaret iyo taageerayaasheeda ayaa si adag uga soo horjeeday falka. Markii Richard iyo wiilkiisa ugu yaraa Edmund lagu dilay daba-galka taajkii Battle of Wakefield 30-kii Diseembar 1460-kii, sheegashadii aabbihii ee carshiga waxay u gudubtay Edward oo ahaa curadka afarta wiil ee Richard.

Dagaalkii Towton iyo Edward's 'kii ugu horreeyay' ee boqornimadiisa (4 Maarso 1461 - 3 Oktoobar 1470)

Kaddib markii la xiray Henry wax-qabad la'aan bishii Maarso 1461, Edward iyo taageerayaashiisa waxay wajaheen ciidan xooggan oo kor loo qaaday. by Margaret iyo Lancastrians ee Battle of Towton, tuulo yar oo Yorkshire ah, 29th March 1461. Halka Edward uu ka soo ururiyay taageerada kuwa sharafta leh ee ka cadhooday in Margaret ay si cad u diidday Xeerka Accord, Yorkists ayaa weli aad u tiro badan. Dagaalkii ugu weynaa, ee ugu dhiigga badnaa ee dhacay intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Roses, waxaa la aaminsan yahay in kala badh ka mid ah 50,000 oo askar Yorkist iyo Lancastrian ah ay naftooda ku waayeen.

Ugu dambeyntii, ragga Edward waxay awoodeen oo kaliyaDagaalka ayaa ka adkaaday markii qaansoleydii Yorkist ay adeegsadeen dabaylaha xooggan ee ka dhashay duufaanta barafku si ay uga fogaadaan kuwa ka soo horjeeda oo ay ugu dambeyntii u hantaan guusha, iyadoo Edward uu si xoog ah carshiga ugala wareegay Henry oo cararay. Waxa uu sii joogi doona carshiga sagaalka sano ee soo socota.

Sidoo kale eeg: Matxafka London Docklands

Boqor la afgembiyay

>In kasta oo Edward uu si guul leh u qaatay carshiga, Margaret waxa ay wali go'aansatay in Henry ama wiilkiisa waa in loo soo celiyaa boqornimadiisa. Boqorada ayaa markii hore loo masaafuriyay Scotland, laakiin ka dib markii ay u guurtay Faransiiska - oo uu taageeray King Louis XI - waxay u diyaarisay qorshe lagu afgambiyo Edward iyadoo daacad u ah Edward oo hore u taageersanaa, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.0>Warwick markii hore xidhiidhkii xooganaa ee uu la lahaa Edward wuu xumaaday intii lagu jiray xukunkii dambe, gaar ahaan markii Edward guursaday Elizabeth Woodville, oo ahayd carmalkii taageere Lancastrian, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd boqoradda Neville ay dooratay. Edward walaalkii ka yar George, Duke of Clarence, ayaa sidoo kale loo qoray sababta markii soddoggiis Neville uu ballan qaaday inuu ku xigi doono safka carshiga ka dib Edward of Westminster, haddii uu taageero Lancastrians ka dhanka ah walaalkiis.<1

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Neville wuxuu lahaa ajandihiisa gaarka ah ee carshiga, ka dib markii uu guursaday gabadhiisa Edward of Westminster wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu afgambiyo saaxiibadiisa Yorkist isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Margaret, oo u oggolaadayHenry VI si uu u soo ceshado carshigii Oktoobar 30th 1470, taas oo Edward u dirtay dhuumasho. Boqorkii daciifka ahaa ee Henry waxa uu ka tagay Neville si uu u xukumo isaga oo magaciisa ku hadlaya

Sidoo kale eeg: Tilmaanta Taariikhiga ah ee Perthshire

Soo celinta Henry ee carshiga ayaa ahayd mid kooban. Isaga oo si aan caqli-gal ahayn u kiciyay dagaal uu la galay Burgundy, Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, si go'aan ah ayuu u garab istaagay Edward, wuxuuna u fidiyay taageeradii uu u baahnaa si uu u soo ceshado carshigiisa wax ka yar lix bilood ka dib.

Iyada oo uu taageero Charles. Walaalkii Richard, Duke of Gloucester iyo mar kale 'daacad' George, Edward wuxuu guul la taaban karo ka gaaray Battle of Barnet, oo markaas ahayd magaalo yar oo woqooyi ka xigta London, 14-kii Abriil 1471. Waxay ahayd halkan in Warwick ku dhacay, iyo In ka yar hal bil ka dib ina Henry iyo dhaxal sugaha, Edward of Westminster, ayaa lagu dilay dagaal ka dhacay Battle of Tewkesbury 4-tii May. murugo qoto dheer iyo quus, wax yar ka dib May 21st May 1471. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku doodeen in gabi ahaanba ay suurtogal tahay in dhimashadiisa uu amray Edward IV mar haddii hanjabaad xooggan oo Lancastrian ah, Edward of Westminster, ay hoos u dhacday.

Oo ka warran Edward walaalkiis George? Markuu gartay khaladkiisa oo uu dib ugu biiray walaalihiis ka weyn Edward iyo Richard (Edward'sUgu dambayntii) si uu uga adkaado Lancastrians ee Barnet, si kastaba ha ahaatee waxaa la isku dayay khiyaano ka dhan ah Boqorka cusub ee dib loo soo celiyay waxaana si gaar ah loogu toogtay Tower of London 18-kii Febraayo 1478. Aaminsanaanta ballaaran ee la aaminsan yahay in George lagu hafiyay sanduuqa khamriga Madeira (sidoo kale Shakespeare wuxuu u sheegay inuu run yahay riwaayadiisa Henry VI iyo Richard III) waxaa loo maleynayay inay tahay tixraac qosol leh xaqiiqda ah in George uu jeclaa cabitaan ama laba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo saarista meydka la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay George ayaa muujisay inaan la gooyn, taasoo ah habka ugu badan ee lagu dili karo qof sharaf leh oo uu hayo qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad, sidaas darteed dhimashadiisa ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka farxad badan tahay inta badan Dib-u-soo-celinta Edward ee carshiga waxay la macno tahay inuu noqday boqortooyadii labaad ee Ingiriiska ee ku fadhiisa carshiga laba jeer (waxaa yaab leh, kii ugu horreeyay ee dabcan Henry VI), taasoo ka dhigaysa 2011 isku mar 550aad iyo 540aad ee boqornimadiisa. . Si ka duwan sidii uu markii hore u fuulay carshiga, Edward ma uusan wajihin cid kula tartameysa taajka qeybtii dambe ee xukunkiisa, inkastoo uu la dagaallamayay Faransiiska iyo Scotland, inta ka hartay xukunkiisu wuxuu ahaa mid nabad ah. Runtii Edward waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah dhawrka nin ee abtirsiimada ah ee u dhinta sababo dabiici ah markii uu geeriyooday 9-kii Abriil 1483 cudur aan la aqoonsan oo loo malaynayo inuu yahay oof-wareen amatyphoid

Dulmarka Edward the King

Malaha waxaa yaab leh, marka loo eego in uu ku yimid awoodda goobta dagaalka, Edward guushii ugu weyneyd ee uu boqor ka gaaro waxay ahayd in uu dib u soo celiyo dareenka kala dambeynta ee waddan. iyo dawladdii ka luntay dareenkii ujeeddadii intii lagu jiray maalmihii fowdada iyo edeb la'aanta ahayd ee xukunkii Henry VI. Runtii hal-ku-dheggiisii ​​boqornimada ee uu doortay wuxuu ahaa Laatiinka modus et ordo , oo u tarjumaysa habka iyo nidaamka . Macnaheedu maaha Boqorkii ugu fiicnaa - waxa lagu yaqaanay inuu marin habaabiyo xaalado siyaasadeed oo dhowr ah, gaar ahaan marka la eego ninka ay xafiiltamaan ee Boqorka Faransiiska, Louis XI - Edward waxaa lagu xasuusan doonaa sida ugu caansan inuu yahay taliye ciidan oo guuleysta iyo sheegashadii ugu horreysay ee Yorkist carshiga inuu boqor noqdo. Waxa xiisaha lihi leh, waxa kale oo uu ahaa ganacsade caan ah oo maal gashaday magaalada London ganacsiyadii ugu guulaha badnaa.

Dagaalkii ugu dambeeyay ee Roses iyo guri cusub oo boqortooyo ah

Nasiib darro boqortooyadii Yorkist waxay ahayd inay sii noolaato. Edward laba sano oo kaliya. Edward V wiilkiisa Edward V wuxuu xukumay saddex bilood oo aad u kooban isaga oo da'diisu tahay saddex iyo toban ka hor isaga iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke 1aad ee York, loo raray Tower of London oo caan ah la waayay iyada oo aan raad la helin wax ka yar hal sano. ka dib markii Edward dhintay. In kasta oo ay jiraan warar xan ah oo ku saabsan dhimashadooda muuqata sannadihii la soo dhaafay, sababta dhabta ah ee waayitaankooda (oo loo maleynayo inay tahayamarka adeerkood iyo 'Ilaaliyaha' Richard, Duke of Gloucester) waligiis lama helin. Kii xigay (iyo kii u dambeeyay) ee Yorkist ee qaatay carshiga wuxuu ahaa Edward walaalkii ugu yaraa Richard III, kaas oo lagu dilay Battle of Bosworth oo u dhow Leicestershire 1485, sidaas oo kale wuxuu noqday kii ugu dambeeyay boqorradii Plantagenet.

Carshigii Ingiriiska Kadibna waxay u gudubtay Henry Tudor, oo ah sheegashada Welsh ee xiriirka fog ee Edward III iyo wiil uu dhalay Henry VI walaalkiis Edmund, kaas oo noqday Boqorkii ugu dambeeyay ee British ah ee sheega carshiga goobta dagaalka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, si uu u qanciyo kuwii ka horreeyay King Henry wuxuu guursaday gabadha ugu weyn Edward IV, Elizabeth of York. Dagaalkii Roses ayaa ugu dambeyntii dhamaaday, sidaas darteedna wuxuu bilaabay xukunka guriga caanka ah ee Tudor, kaas oo sii waday inuu xukumo England iyo Wales 117 sano ee soo socda.