黑色星期一1360

 黑色星期一1360

Paul King

"在上个黑色星期一,早上六点,我的鼻子流血了,这不是没有原因的。" 威廉-莎士比亚,《威尼斯商人》,二5。

黑色星期一 "指的是1360年4月13日的复活节星期一,在英法百年战争期间,一场突如其来的冰雹风暴造成1000多名英国士兵死亡。

这场可怕的风暴造成的伤亡比战争中的任何一次战斗都要多。

See_also: 伦敦的罗马堡垒

百年战争早在1337年就开始了,是英国和法国之间关于谁应该控制法国的斗争。 1359年10月,英国的爱德华三世带着一支庞大的入侵部队越过英吉利海峡来到法国。 到4月13日,他已经洗劫并烧毁了巴黎郊区,现在正围攻沙特尔镇。

夜幕降临,一场突如其来的暴风雨吹起。 爱德华的部队在镇外扎营,他们的帐篷根本无法抵挡接下来的暴风雨。 气温大幅下降,接着是闪电、冻雨、大风和巨大的冰雹*,人和马都被砸到了。 士兵们惊恐地尖叫着,他们被惊动的马匹也被惊动。

这场大屠杀被描述为 "一个糟糕的日子,充满了神秘和干草,以至于人们在马背上染色[原文如此]"。

没有人能够逃过这场致命的风暴:帐篷被呼啸的狂风撕碎,士兵们惊慌失措地逃窜,两名英国指挥官被杀,国王被迫跪下,向上帝求饶。

仅仅用了半个小时,这场风暴就杀死了1000多名英国人和大约6000匹马。

爱德华相信这场风暴是上帝的征兆。 他急忙与法国人寻求和平,作为这场致命风暴的直接结果,1360年5月8日签署了《布雷蒂尼条约》。 根据该条约,爱德华同意放弃对法国王位的要求,以换取对阿基坦和加来的主权。 法国人同意为释放他们的国王约翰支付一笔丰厚的赎金。被囚禁在英国的二世。

该条约标志着百年战争第一阶段的结束,然而和平是短暂的:仅仅9年后战争再次爆发。

*冰雹由冰球或冰粒组成,通常在雷暴中产生。 冰雹的直径可以达到2英寸或更大,落下的速度可以达到每小时100英里。 在大风的推动下,大冰雹能够造成巨大的损害。

See_also: 历史上的高地指南

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.