烟草传入英国

 烟草传入英国

Paul King

最常见的烟草抵达英国的日期是1586年7月27日,据说当时沃尔特-罗利爵士将烟草从弗吉尼亚带到了英国。

事实上,有一个传说是这样的:沃尔特爵士的仆人看到他第一次吸食烟斗,担心他着火,就把水泼到他身上。

然而,更有可能的是,烟草早在这一日期之前就已经在英国出现了。 西班牙和葡萄牙水手吸食烟草已经很多年了,很可能在1586年之前,英国水手就已经有了吸食烟斗的习惯。 约翰-霍金斯爵士和他的船员可能早在1565年就把烟草带到了这些海岸。

然而,当罗利于1586年回到英国时,他带来了来自罗诺克岛定居点的殖民者,这些殖民者带来了烟草、玉米和土豆。

比较奇怪的是,烟草被视为对健康有益,而土豆则被视为非常可疑!此时烟草的使用在欧洲大陆已经众所周知。 西班牙人尼古拉斯-莫纳德斯(Nicolas Monardes)写了一份关于烟草的报告,1577年由约翰-弗兰普顿翻译成英文,名为 "Of the Tabaco and of His Greate Vertues",其中建议用它来缓解牙痛、指甲脱落、蠕虫、口臭、锁喉甚至癌症。

1586年,殖民者吸食烟斗的情景在宫廷中掀起了一股热潮。 据说,1600年,沃尔特-罗利爵士诱使伊丽莎白一世尝试吸烟。 这被整个人口所效仿,到16世纪60年代初,这种习惯已经司空见惯,开始引起人们的关注。

1604年,国王詹姆斯一世写了《烟草的反面教材》,其中他把吸烟描述为 "对眼睛有害、对鼻子可憎、对大脑有害、对肺部有害,而且其中的黑色和恶臭的烟雾最像无底洞中可怕的冥烟"。

詹姆斯对烟草征收进口税,1604年的税率为每磅6先令10便士。 天主教会甚至试图阻止烟草的使用,宣布使用烟草是有罪的,并禁止烟草进入圣地。

尽管有这些警告,烟草的使用仍在继续增长。 1610年,弗朗西斯-培根爵士注意到烟草使用的增加,并注意到这是一个难以戒除的习惯。

1609年,在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦,殖民者约翰-罗尔夫成为第一个在商业规模上成功种植烟草("棕色黄金")的定居者。 1614年,第一批烟草从詹姆斯敦被运往英国。

See_also: 历史上的爱丁堡& 法夫指南

1638年,大约300万磅的弗吉尼亚烟草被送往英国销售,到1680年代,詹姆斯敦每年生产超过2500万磅的烟草,出口到欧洲。

随着1660年查理二世的复辟,一种新的烟草使用方式从国王流亡的巴黎传来。 鼻烟成为贵族们最喜欢的烟草享用方式。

在1665年的大瘟疫中,烟草烟雾被广泛倡导为抵御 "坏空气 "的手段。 事实上,在瘟疫最严重的时候,早餐时吸食烟斗实际上是伦敦伊顿学院的学生们的必修课。

See_also: 迪金奖

在整个17和18世纪,随着对烟草需求的增加,从弗吉尼亚和卡罗莱纳州进口的烟草持续不断,吸烟的做法在英国被广泛接受。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.