爱丁堡

 爱丁堡

Paul King

爱丁堡市位于苏格兰的东海岸,福斯湾(通向北海的河口)的南岸。 从地质学角度看,福斯湾是一个峡湾,由福斯冰川在最后的冰川期刻画而成。 著名的爱丁堡城堡位于火山岩侵入体的顶部,该岩体能抵御冰层的侵蚀,因此矗立在冰川之上。老城区顺着 "尾巴 "而下,城堡矗立在 "峭壁 "上。 爱丁堡市的遗址最初被命名为 "城堡岩"。

据传 "爱丁堡 "这个名字起源于古英语中的 "Edwin's fort",指的是7世纪诺森比亚的国王Edwin(而 "burgh "的意思是 "堡垒 "或 "有墙的建筑群")。 然而,这个名字可能早于Edwin国王,所以这不太可能是真的。 公元600年,爱丁堡以 "Din Eidyn "或 "Eidyn堡 "的形式被提及,当时这个定居点是个这座城市也被苏格兰人亲切地称为 "Auld Reekie"(Reekie意为 "烟雾缭绕"),指的是煤炭和木柴火的污染,在爱丁堡的天空中留下了烟囱的黑烟。 由于其地形,它也被称为 "Auld Greekie "或北方的雅典;老城区扮演着类似于雅典卫城的角色。

"Auld Greekie "也是指爱丁堡作为苏格兰知识和文化中心的作用。 当大多数城市在工业革命期间扩张和发展重工业时,福斯地区的扩张发生在利斯,使爱丁堡相对没有受到影响和限制。 因此,爱丁堡的历史得以保存下来,保证了爱丁堡作为教科文组织世界遗产的称号网站(1995)。

See_also: 约克郡,惠特比

爱丁堡被定义为老城区和新城区。 新城区在老城墙外发展,在雅各布叛乱后的社会改革和繁荣时期。 为了应对老城区人口日益密集造成的问题(在此之前,城市一直被限制在它所诞生的火山岩上),开始向北扩张。 所有多余的土壤苏格兰国家美术馆和苏格兰皇家学院大楼建在土丘之上,隧道被凿穿,通向著名的韦弗利车站。

老城区位于从城堡高高耸立的 "尾巴 "上,在中世纪的街道规划中被保留了下来。 著名的 "皇家一英里 "就是从城堡的尾巴上走下来的。 由于尾巴逐渐变小,空间是15世纪人口膨胀的问题。 他们的直接解决方案(在扩建到新城区之前,在雅各布派之后10层和11层是这些建筑的典型特征,但有一栋甚至达到了14层!这些建筑通常也被延伸到地面以下,以容纳城市的移民,这就是爱丁堡 "地下城市 "的传说的由来。 显然,是富人居住在这些建筑的上层。建筑物,而穷人则被限制在较低的部分。

爱丁堡自1437年以来一直是苏格兰的首都,当时它取代了斯肯。 苏格兰议会居住在爱丁堡。 然而,在过去,爱丁堡城堡经常被英国人控制。 在10世纪之前,爱丁堡是在盎格鲁-撒克逊人和达尼洛的控制之下。 由于之前盎格鲁-撒克逊的这种统治,爱丁堡经常和苏格兰的边境各县一起、在这些地区,英国人试图争夺盎格鲁-撒克逊人的领地,而苏格兰人则争夺哈德良长城以北的土地,两者之间发生了一连串的冲突。 15世纪时,爱丁堡在苏格兰人的统治下已经有很长一段时间了,苏格兰国王詹姆斯四世将皇家法庭迁至爱丁堡,该市成为代理的首都。

斯科特纪念碑

文化方面,这座城市也很繁荣。 世界闻名的爱丁堡艺术节(8月在该市举行的一系列艺术节)每年吸引成千上万的游客前来,还有成千上万的人希望前往但尚未成行。 在这些活动中,爱丁堡艺穗节原本是最初的爱丁堡国际节的一个小副线,但现在拉动了一个这是最大规模的人群,并自诩为许多行为的第一个突破口。

参观历史悠久的爱丁堡

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See_also: 第一次世界大战中的齐柏林飞艇突袭

城堡

到达这里

爱丁堡的公路和铁路交通都很方便,请尝试我们的英国旅游指南了解更多信息。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.