哈德良长城

 哈德良长城

Paul King

Table of contents

罗马人在公元43年入侵英国后,迅速建立了对英格兰南部的控制。 然而,对北方 "野蛮人 "的征服却不那么容易。

在公元70年代和80年代,罗马指挥官阿格里科拉领导了一系列对英格兰北部和苏格兰低地的野蛮部落的重大攻击。 尽管罗马人成功地进入了苏格兰,但从长远来看,他们没能守住任何获得的土地。 堡垒和信号站建在低地,由斯坦尼格特路连接,该路从东部的泰恩河水面延伸过来。到西部的索尔韦河口。

大约40年后的公元122年,由于野蛮人仍未驯服,这些低地堡垒再次受到强烈的敌对压力。 这一年,哈德良皇帝到访,审查其帝国边界的边界问题,导致了一个更激进的解决方案。 他下令建造一个巨大的屏障,从不列颠的西海岸向东延伸超过80罗马英里。哈德良长城在东部用石头建造,在西部最初用草皮建造(因为没有石灰做灰浆),至少花了六年时间才完成。

上图:Milecastle 35(又名Sewingshields)。

宽约10英尺(3米),高约15英尺(4.6米),北侧有护栏,总高度为20英尺(6米),对潜在的入侵者来说,这个结构强调了罗马的权力和力量。 似乎是为了加强这一点,在其整个长度上,80座英里堡间隔为一罗马英里。

到了公元138年,罗马人也许是为了解决一些问题,再次试图对北方人进行文明化,在苏格兰开展了新的活动。 这一次,在福斯河和克莱德河之间迅速建立了新的边界,即安东尼墙,哈德良墙也被迅速放弃。 然而,到了公元160年左右,罗马人再次被苏格兰人说服,他们不希望被文明化,并且被由于担心他们在北方受到的欢迎,罗马人着手用更坚固的石头结构取代剩余的草皮墙。

上图:前景是vallum(防御性土方工程)的一部分,背景是城墙。

罗马人将长城维持并占领到了公元四世纪,抵御了北方顽固部落的几次进一步的野蛮人袭击。 公元367年,来自英国各地的敌对部落一起袭击了长城,对长城的影响知之甚少。 此后不久,由于连续的撤退,驻军被耗尽,哈德良长城最终被被抛弃的。

今天,长城在不列颠群岛一些最崎岖的乡村上保留了壮观的部分。 在长城沿线的各种堡垒、英里城堡、寺庙、博物馆等处,仍然可以看到罗马人的组织、宗教和文化。 哈德良长城无疑是罗马人在英国留下的最突出和最重要的纪念物。 它捕捉到了一个戏剧性的画面。英国因冲突和占领而分裂。

哪里可以看到长城

哈德良长城巴士 - 夏季每天在卡莱尔和海克瑟姆之间运行,在沿途的旅游景点停靠。 每辆巴士都与卡莱尔、哈特惠斯特尔和海克瑟姆的铁路和巴士服务相连。 周末服务中经常有知识渊博的友好导游。 冬季服务有限: 01434 344777 / 322002

See_also: 威廉-克里布,废奴主义者

罗马遗址 - 请点击以下链接,查看我们的互动地图,详细介绍英国的罗马遗址。

游览英国 - 请点击以下链接,查看我们的英国旅游指南

See_also: 20世纪20年代的英国

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.