苏格兰的万圣节

 苏格兰的万圣节

Paul King

苏格兰著名诗人罗伯特-彭斯在他写于1785年的诗歌《万圣节》中写到了与苏格兰的万圣节有关的神话、传说和传统。 苏格兰的万圣节都是关于超自然、女巫、灵魂和火。

万圣节的起源可以追溯到古代凯尔特人的Samhain节(夏末)。 凯尔特人的一年是由生长季节决定的,Samhain节标志着夏天和收获的结束,以及黑暗寒冷的冬天的开始。 这个节日象征着生活世界和死亡世界之间的界限。

凯尔特人相信,在10月31日晚上,死者的鬼魂会再次出现在他们中间,每个村庄都会点燃大型篝火,以驱除任何恶灵。 所有房屋的火都被熄灭,并从这些大篝火中点燃新的火。

虽然在苏格兰的一些地区仍然点燃篝火来吓走亡灵,但更常见的是 "neep灯笼"(萝卜灯笼),制作方法是挖出一个萝卜,切开皮肤,形成眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。 然后在里面放一根蜡烛来制作灯笼。 这些灯笼也被认为可以驱除恶灵。 如今,由于美国文化的影响,南瓜是像萝卜一样常见的灯笼。

彭斯在他的诗《万圣节》中提到的许多传统至今仍在苏格兰持续存在。 来自第二节的内容:

一些快乐的、友好的乡下人

一起召开了会议、

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焚烧他们的虱子,并把他们的股票卖掉、

庆祝他们的万圣节

Fu' blythe that night.....

(译文:一些快乐的、友好的、乡村的人

一起召开了会议、

烧掉他们的坚果,拔掉他们的植物、

并保持他们的万圣节

当天晚上,满满当当的blythe)。

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如上文所述,一个常见的万圣节传统是,订婚的夫妇每人在火上放一个坚果。 如果坚果安静地燃烧,那么婚姻将是幸福的,但是如果坚果吐出嘶嘶声,那么婚姻将是暴风雨。 同样,如果一个女孩在火上放两个坚果,一个给她的爱人,一个给自己,而坚果吐出嘶嘶声,那么这就是一个坏兆头,因为他们的未来在一起。

上面的诗中提到的植物是甘蓝植物的茎或 "蓖麻"。 天黑后,闭着眼睛把茎从地里拔出来。 当时的想法是,茎的长度和直度将表明未来伴侣的身高和身材。 茎上的任何土壤都将表明财富。

直到最近,"不给糖就捣蛋 "在苏格兰还不为人知。 相反,孩子们穿上衣服,假装成邪灵,去 "guising"(或 "galoshin")。 这一习俗可以追溯到一个时代,当时人们认为,通过这种方式伪装孩子,他们可以与当晚出没的鬼魂混在一起。 孩子们到达如此 "伪装 "的房子时,会收到一份驱赶的祭品。今天,人们希望孩子们除了穿戴整齐外,还能表演一个聚会技巧--例如唱歌或跳舞,或背诵一首诗--然后再向他们提供食物,可能是水果、坚果或现在更常见的金钱或糖果。

1735年的《巫术法》中包含了一项禁止在万圣节食用猪肉和糕点的条款。 然而,该法案在20世纪50年代被废除,所以现在向孩子们提供猪肉馅饼或香肠卷作为食物也是合法的!

"Dookin' for apples "是一个万圣节派对游戏,包括不用手拿漂浮在水盆中的苹果,用牙齿夹住叉子叉住它或咬住它。 这是另一个起源于异教时代的万圣节传统。 晃动苹果的起源可以追溯到古代凯尔特人,他们把苹果视为神圣的。

事实上,你可以说现代的万圣节传统,如南瓜灯、摇晃苹果和不给糖就捣蛋等,都起源于古代凯尔特人的传统。

爱丁堡的Samhuinn节是一年一度的凯尔特人新年活动。 该活动由Beltane协会主办,以壮观的火焰游行、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧和烟花为特色,沿着爱丁堡著名的皇家大道举行。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.