1212年伦敦大火

 1212年伦敦大火

Paul King

提到 "伦敦大火",大多数人都会想到1666年的那场灾难,尽管许多建筑物被毁,大火肆虐数日,但死亡人数相对较少。

然而,伦敦经历了许多大火,有些火灾的死亡人数比1666年高得多。 公元60年,布迪卡和伊塞尼人将城市夷为平地,675年和989年发生了两场著名的火灾。 1087年的火灾中,圣保罗大教堂被烧毁。 1135年,伦敦桥被大火摧毁,后来用石头重建。 1794年发生了拉特克利夫火灾,随后是迟至1861年,发生了托利街火灾。

火灾是一种比较常见的现象,尤其是在中世纪和都铎时期的伦敦。 房屋主要由木材和沥青建造,并与商业和制造业拥挤在一起。 此时,首都没有有组织的消防队:人们用皮桶和水枪来灭火,但通常效果不大。

See_also: 基尔西斯之战

1212年的大火,也被称为南华克大火,始于泰晤士河以南的南华克,时间在1212年7月10日至12日之间。 南华克的大教堂圣玛丽-奥维('河上')教堂,也被称为圣母院,与博罗高街的大部分地区一起被完全摧毁。 大火随后烧到伦敦桥。

大风助长了火势,红热的煤渣被吹过河,导致桥北端有稻草屋顶的木制建筑也起火。 大火随后蔓延到伦敦市。

然而,最大的生命损失发生在伦敦桥本身。 从南华克的大火中逃离的人们与来自河北的人们汇合在一起,以提供帮助。 但是,由于大火已经蔓延到河的两岸,桥上的所有人现在都被困住了。 约翰国王已经批准在桥上建造木制商店和房屋,很快这些商店和房屋也被烧毁。

桥上没有被火焰烧死的人要么跳河淹死,要么在试图登上超载的救援船时被压死。

目前还不能确定有多少人死于这场大火。 约翰-斯托在1603年写的一份报告中指出,伤亡人数超过3000人,但大多数现代历史学家认为这是夸大其词,因为在当时,伦敦的全部人口不超过5万人。

See_also: 爱德华二世的悲惨灭亡

关于1212年火灾的最早记载出现在 纪念册》(Liber de Antiquis Legibus) (古代法律书》),写于1274年:"这一年是南华克的大火,它烧毁了圣玛丽教堂[Overie],以及大桥和那里的小教堂,还有城市的大部分地区。"

由于伦敦桥是用石头建造的,所以它在大火中幸存下来,但损失非常大,以至于在之后的几年里,它只能部分地使用。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.