1314年的大洪水和大饥荒

 1314年的大洪水和大饥荒

Paul King

在2013/2014年冬季和春季,英国遭受了长时间的破坏性冬季风暴,导致广泛的洪水和损失。 然而,这并不是该国第一次受到大雨和恶劣天气的破坏。

在1314年的整个夏季和秋季,以及1315年和1316年的大部分时间里,几乎一直在下雨。 庄稼烂在地里,收成不好,牲畜被淹死或饿死。 粮食库存耗尽,食品价格飙升。 结果是大饥荒,在接下来的几年里,据说有超过5%的英国人口被饿死。 在英国也是如此,甚至更糟。欧洲大陆。

See_also: 历史上的八月

农作物的短缺推高了蔬菜、小麦、大麦和燕麦等日常必需品的价格。 因此,面包也很昂贵,而且由于谷物必须经过干燥才能使用,质量很差。 盐是当时腌制和保存肉类的唯一方法,由于在潮湿的天气中很难通过蒸发提取,所以很难获得;其价格上涨了戏剧性地。

大饥荒前在田间劳动的农民

1315年春天,爱德华二世下令限制基本食品的价格。 然而,这并没有对缓解危机起到多大作用:商人们只是拒绝以这些低价出售他们的货物。 最后,该法案在1316年的林肯议会上被废除。

据报道,1315年8月10日至12日,国王和他的宫廷在圣阿尔本斯停留时,那里甚至没有面包。

英格兰北部的情况尤其糟糕,特别是在诺森比亚,由于苏格兰突袭者的掠夺,那里的人们已经在苦苦挣扎。 这里的居民不得不吃狗和马。

1315/1316年冬天,情况变得如此糟糕,以至于农民吃掉了他们为春季播种而储存的种子谷物。

See_also: 百年战争--爱德华时代阶段

到了1316年,甚至出现了吃人的传言。 在痛苦和饥饿中,许多人为了他们能找到的一点食物而乞讨、偷窃和谋杀。 即使是守法的人也为了养活自己而诉诸于犯罪行为。

无法养活家人的父母抛弃孩子,让他们自生自灭。 事实上,《汉塞尔和格雷特》的童话可能就起源于这个时期。 故事中,汉塞尔和格雷特在饥荒时期被父母遗弃在森林里。 他们被一个住在茅屋里的老妇人收留。 老妇人开始加热烤箱,孩子们意识到格雷特尔设法欺骗老妇人打开烤箱,然后把她推了进去。

随着寒冷潮湿天气的持续,饥荒在1317年春天达到了顶峰。 终于在这一年的夏天,天气模式恢复了正常,但直到1322年,粮食供应才完全恢复。

那么,是什么导致了年复一年的严冬和寒冷多雨的夏季呢? 大饥荒的发生恰逢中世纪温暖期的结束和小冰期的开始。 欧洲的气候正在发生变化,夏季更加凉爽和潮湿,秋季的风暴也更早。 这些都不是农业的理想条件,由于要养活大量的人口,只需要一次失败就可以了。收获的是事情很快就会变得非常糟糕。

一些历史学家认为,这种可怕的天气可能是由火山爆发引起的,也许是新西兰的塔拉维拉火山爆发,据悉该火山在1314年左右爆发。

不幸的是,大饥荒只是14世纪袭击欧洲的一系列严重危机中的第一个;黑死病就在不远处。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.