卡提曼杜阿(Cartismandua)

 卡提曼杜阿(Cartismandua)

Paul King

虽然我们大多数人都听说过1世纪英国的伊塞尼女王鲍迪卡(Boadicea),但卡特曼杜阿(Cartismandua)却不那么出名。

卡提曼杜亚也是1世纪的凯尔特人领袖,大约在公元43年至69年期间是布里根特人的女王。 布里根特人是居住在以现在的约克郡为中心的英格兰北部地区的凯尔特人,在领土上是英国最大的部落。

卡蒂曼杜亚是贝尔诺里克斯国王的孙女,她大约在罗马入侵和征服时掌权。 我们对她的了解大多来自罗马历史学家塔西佗,从他的著作中可以看出她是一个非常强大和有影响力的领导人。 像许多凯尔特人的贵族一样,为了保住她的王位,卡蒂曼杜亚和她的丈夫维努提乌斯亲罗马,做了几个塔西佗形容她忠于罗马,"用我们的[罗马]武器来保卫"。

公元51年,卡蒂曼杜亚对罗马的忠诚受到了考验。 英国国王卡拉塔库斯,卡图维鲁尼部落的领袖,一直在领导凯尔特人对罗马人的抵抗。 在威尔士成功地对罗马人发动了游击战后,他最终被奥斯托里斯-斯卡普拉击败,和他的家人一起向卡蒂曼杜亚和布里根特人寻求庇护。

卡拉塔库斯被卡提曼杜阿移交给罗马人

See_also: 高地清场

迦提曼陀罗非但没有庇护他,反而把他戴上了枷锁,并把他交给了罗马人,罗马人给了她大量的财富和恩惠。 然而,这种背信弃义的行为使她自己的人民反对她。

公元57年,卡提曼杜亚决定与维努提斯离婚,改由他的盔甲侍从维洛卡图斯担任,这进一步激怒了凯尔特人。

被蔑视的维努提乌斯利用凯尔特人中的这种反罗马情绪来煽动对女王的叛乱。 他比卡蒂曼杜亚更受人民欢迎,他开始与其他部落建立联盟,准备入侵布里干提亚。

罗马人派出了同伙来保卫他们的客户女王。 双方势均力敌,直到凯西乌斯-纳西卡(Caesius Nasica)带着第九军团(IX Legion Hispana)来到这里,打败了维努提乌斯。 卡提曼陀亚很幸运,由于罗马士兵的干预,险些被叛军抓住。

维努提乌斯一直在等待时机,直到公元69年,尼禄之死导致罗马政局极度不稳定。 维努提乌斯抓住机会,再次对布里干提亚发动进攻。 这一次,当卡提曼杜亚呼吁罗马人提供帮助时,他们只能派出辅助部队。

See_also: 蓟草--苏格兰的国徽

她逃到德瓦(Chester)新建的罗马堡垒,并将布里干提亚交给维努提乌斯,后者短暂统治,直到罗马人最终将其赶走。

卡提曼杜阿在抵达德瓦后发生了什么,不得而知。

20世纪80年代在约克郡里士满以北8英里处的斯坦威克铁器时代堡垒进行的发掘,使人们得出结论,该堡垒可能是卡提曼杜亚的首都和主要定居点。 1843年,在半英里外的梅尔森比发现了140件被称为斯坦威克囤积物的金属手工艺品。 这些发现包括四套战车用马具。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.