Richard III waa laga yaabaa in aad loo yaqaan hadda sababtoo ah helida hadhaagiisii ​​ee baarkin baabuur ee Leicester.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee waxa uu ahaa qof muhiim u ah boqortooyadii dhexe ee England: walaalkii Edward IV, waxa uu qabsaday ina adeerkiis, Edward V oo qaatay taajkii isaga, oo kaliya in la dilo laba sano ka dib Battle of Bosworth. , soo afjarida dagaalkii caanka ahaa ee loo yaqaanay dagaalkii Roses. u dagaallamaya Aqalka York.

Waxa uu ku dhashay Oktoobar 1452-kii ee Fotheringhay Castle, waxa uu ahaa canugii kow iyo tobnaad ee Richard, Duke of York, iyo xaaskiisa, Cecily Neville.

Markii uu carruur ahaa. waxa ku dhacay saamaynta ina adeerkiis, Earl of Warwick kaas oo ku hagi lahaa oo u bari lahaa tababarkiisa geesinimada. Dhegta ayaa mar dambe loo yaqaan "Kingmaker" ka qaybqaadashadiisa halganka awoodda ee ka soo baxaya Dagaalkii Roses.

Dhanka kale, aabihiis iyo walaalkiis ka weyn, Edmund ayaa lagu dilay Battle of the Roses. Wakefield bishii Diseembar 1460, isaga oo ka tagay Richard iyo walaalkii kale George in loo diro qaaradda.

Sida Dagaalkii Roses uu bilaabay isbeddelka nasiibka ee labada Aqal ee York iyo Lancaster, Richard wuxuu arkay inuu ku soo laabanayo dhulkii hooyo ka dib guushii Yorkist ayaa lagu xaqiijiyay Battle of TowtonDagaal, walaalkiis ka weyn Edward wuxuu qaatay taajkii, Richardna wuxuu ka qaybgalay caleemo-saarkiisa 28-kii Juun 1461, isagoo markhaati ka ahaa walaalkiis oo noqday King Edward IV ee England, halka Richard la siiyay darajada Duke of Gloucester.

Edward hadda Awood, Earl of Warwick wuxuu bilaabay inuu istiraatijiyo, u habeeyo gabdhihiisa guur faa'iido leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqti ka dib, xiriirka ka dhexeeya Edward IV iyo Warwick Kingmaker ayaa xumaaday, taasoo keentay George, oo guursaday Warwick gabadhiisa Isabel, inuu la safto soddoggiis cusub halka Richard uu doorbiday walaalkiis, boqorka, Edward IV.

Hadda kala qaybsanaanta qoyska ee walaalaha ayaa caddaatay: ka dib markii Warwick daacad u ahaa Margaret of Anjou, boqoradda Aqalka Lancaster, Richard iyo Edward ayaa lagu qasbay inay u cararaan qaaradda Oktoobar 1470.

Waxay ahaayeen Waxaa lagu soo dhaweeyay meel nabdoon oo ku taal Burgundy walaashood, Margaret, oo guursaday Duke of Burgundy.

Sannad kaliya ka dib, Edward wuu soo laaban doonaa oo dib u soo ceshan lahaa taajkiisii ​​ka dib guushii ay ku dagaalameen Barnet iyo Tewkesbury. Da'da yar Richard waxa uu muujiyay wax qabad inkasta oo uu jiray siddeed iyo toban sano oo keliya.

In kasta oo aanu u xoog badnayn sida walaalihiis, tababarkiisii ​​geesinimada ayaa u qabtay meel wanaagsan oo wuxuu noqday xoog dagaal.

Wuxuu dagaal ka galay Barnet iyo Tewkesbury labadaba, isagoo arkayay burburkii Warwick Kingmaker iyo walaalkii, iyo ugu dambayntii.ku soo celinta guuldaradii ciidamadii Lancastrian iyo dib u soo celinta Edward carshiga.

Iyadoo walaalkiis loo soo celiyay Boqor Edward IV, Richard wuxuu guursaday Anne Neville, oo sidoo kale u dhacday gabadhii ugu yarayd ee Earl of Warwick. Tani waxay noqonaysaa guurkeedii labaad, iyada oo markii ugu horreysay ku dhammaatay Battle of Barnet iyadoo ninkeeda, Edward of Westminster, Lancastrian, lagu dilay dagaalka.

> Richard III xaaska Anne Neville

Hadda waxaa guursaday Richard, guurdoonkani wuxuu xaqiijin doonaa booska Richard oo ah mid ka mid ah mulkiilayaasha ugu waaweyn dalka, isaga oo gacanta ku haya dhul ballaaran oo waqooyiga England ah. Faa'iidada dhaqaale ee la taaban karo ayaa timid mas'uuliyad weyn. Richard ayaa mar kale u soo kacay munaasabadda, isaga oo maamulkii gobolka u maamulayay xeelad caqli-gal ah.

Taas waxa kor u qaaday ololihiisii ​​togan ee midho dhalka ahaa ee Scotland 1482kii, isaga oo isu muujiyay hoggaamiye iyo ciidan.

0>Iyadoo aan magac rasmi ah ka helin gobolka, adeeggiisa sida "Rabbiga Waqooyi" waxa uu noqday mid si wanaagsan u guulaystay, taas oo muujinaysa awoodda uu u leeyahay in uu xajiyo mas'uuliyad ka baxsan walaalkiis boqorka oo sumcad sii kordheysa ee anshax-xumada.

Edward IV wakhtigan waxa uu la ildaran yahay sumcad xumo sii kordheysa, iyadoo qaar badan ay u arkayeen maxkamadiisa mid kala daadsan oo musuqmaasuq ah. Boqor ahaan wuxuu lahaa marooyin badan oo wuxuu lahaa xitaa walaalkiis, George, Duke of ClarenceWaxaa lagu eedeeyay khiyaano qaran oo la dilay sanadkii 1478.

Richard ayaa dhanka kale doonayay inuu iska fogeeyo sumcadda xun ee walaalkiis isagoo weli shaki weyn ka qaba xaaska Edward, Elizabeth Woodville iyo xiriirkeedii dheeraa. in Elizabeth ay si weyn u maamushay go'aannada boqorka, xitaa iyada oo tuhunsan in ay saameyn ku leedahay dilka walaalkiis, George, Duke of Clarence.

Sannadkii 1483, xaaladdan oo kale ee kalsooni-darrada iyo shakiga ayaa madaxa kor u qaaday markii Edward IV si lama filaan ah u dhacay. dhintay, oo uu ka tagay laba wiil iyo shan gabdhood. Wiilkiisa ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa dhaxalka carshiga waxaana loo qoondeeyay inuu noqdo Edward V.

Edward wuxuu horey u sameeyay qabanqaabada, isaga oo ku kalsoonaaday wanaagga wiilkiisa Richard oo loo magacaabay "Ilaaliyaha Rabbiga". Tani waxay calaamad u tahay bilawga loolanka awoodeed ee u dhexeeya Richard iyo Woodvilles ee Edward V iyo koritaankiisa carshiga.

Woodvilles, oo ay ku jiraan Earl Rivers, Edward V adeerkiis, ayaa saameyn xoog leh ku yeeshay barbaarintiisa iyo Waxay aad u danaynayeen inay rogaan doorkii Richard ee ahaa Ilaaliyaha, taa beddelkeedana waxay sameeyeen Golaha Regency oo ka dhigaya Edward V isla markiiba, iyadoo awooddu iyaga ku hadhay.

Richard, saamaynta noocaas ah ee Elizabeth Woodville iyo qoyskeeda ayaa ahaa mid aan la aqbali karin sidaas darteed Waxa uu dajiyay qorshe naftiisa ku sugi lahaa masiirka carshiga Yorkist, halka Edward V oo da'diisu ahayd laba iyo toban jir.

Toddobaadyada soo socda, oo ay hoggaaminayaan ilaa caleemo-saarka Edward V, Richard ayaa dhexda u galay xisbiga boqortooyada, isaga oo ku qasbay in ay kala dareeraan oo ay soo saaraan xidhitaanka Earl Rivers iyo badhkii Edward. walaal. Labaduba waxay ku danbeeyeen dil toogasho ah.

Iyadoo la kaashanayo faragelinta Richard, baarlamaanku wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in Edward iyo walaalihiis ka yaraa ay ahaayeen sharci-darro, taasoo ka dhigeysa Richard inuu yahay dhaxalka saxda ah ee carshiga.

Edward V, inkastoo dhammaan mudaaharaadyadii, waxaa la socday Richard shakhsi ahaan ilaa Tower of London, kaliya ka dib waxaa ku biiray walaalkiis ka yar. Labada wiil, oo loo yaqaan "Princes in Tower" dib looma arag, waxaana loo maleeyay in la dilay. Richard waxa uu si guul leh u qabsaday ina adeerkiis si uu u noqdo Boqorka Ingriiska 1483.

Sidoo kale eeg: 41 Carwada Dharka - Guriga ugu da'da weyn ee Magaalada London.

The Princes in the Tower, Edward V iyo walaalkiis Richard, Duke of York> Richard waxa la caleemo saaray, isaga iyo xaaskiisa Anne, 6-dii Luulyo 1483, taas oo calaamad u ah bilawga laba sano oo qas ah. iyada oo aan lahayn dhaxal dabiici ah, sidaas darteed, furitaanka mala-awaal iyo isku dayo lagu doonayo carshiga.

Dhanka kale, murugada wiilkeeda, Queen Anne ayaa sidoo kale ku geeriyootay Palace of Westminster kaliya siddeed iyo labaatan sano da'da.

Richard, oo lumiyay wiilkiisa iyo dhaxalka, wuxuu doortay inuu magacaabo John de laPole, Earl ee Lincoln oo ah beddelkiisa. Magacaabiddan oo kale ayaa keentay in ciidamada Lancastrian ay doortaan wakiilkooda dhaxalka: Henry Tudor.

Labadii sano ee uu boqornimada xukumayay, Richard waa inuu la kulmo hanjabaado iyo caqabado ku wajahan booskiisa boqornimo, isagoo la socda Henry Tudor. oo soo bandhigay mucaaradka ugu waxtarka badan, oo doonaya inuu soo afjaro xukunkii Richard iyo Aqalka York.

Mid kale oo hormuud ka ahaa kacdoonka sidoo kale waxaa ku jiray mid ka mid ah xulafadiisa hore, Henry Stafford, Duke 2nd ee Buckingham.

Sidoo kale eeg: Moll FrithLaba bilood oo keliya ka dib markii la caleemo saaray, Richard waxa uu la kulmay kacdoon uu sameeyay Duke of Buckingham, kaas oo, nasiib wanaag boqorka, si fudud loo xakameeyay., markii isaga iyo adeerkiis Jasper Tudor ay yimaadeen koonfurta Wales iyaga oo wata ciidan badan oo Faransiis ah.

Ciidankan cusub ee la ururiyey waxa ay socod ku mareen aaggaas, iyaga oo kor u kacayey xoog iyo askar cusub markii ay sii socdeen.

Ugu dambayntii, iska horimaadkii Richard ayaa lagu wadaa inuu ku ciyaaro garoonka Bosworth bishii Agoosto 1485. Dagaalkan xiisaha leh ayaa ugu dambeyntii soo afjaraya dagaalkii joogtada ahaa ee socday kaas oo qeexay muddadan taariikhda Ingiriisiga.

0>Richard waxa uu u diyaar garoobay in uu dagaalamo waxa uuna si deg deg ah isugu keenay ciidan aad u fara badan kuwaas oo kala dhex galay ciidankii Henry Tudor ee u dhawaa Market Bosworth. Dagaalkii Bosworth>

Qof kale oo muhiim ah dagaalkan wuxuu ahaaAabaha Henry, Lord Thomas Stanley oo haystay awoodda muhiimka ah ee go'aaminta dhinaca uu taageeri doono. Ugu dambayntii waxa uu ka goostay taageeradii Richard oo uu u beddelay daacadnimadiisii ​​Henry Tudor, isaga oo kaxaystay ilaa 7,000 oo dagaalyahan.

Tani waxay ahayd waqti xasaasi ah Richard maadaama dagaalku qeexayo mustaqbalkiisa boqor.

Ciidankii Richard ayaa wali ka tiro badnaa raggii Henry, wuxuuna doortay inuu hogaamiyo ciidamadiisa ka amar qaata Duke of Norfolk iyo Earl of Northumberland halka Henry Tudor uu doortay khabiirkii Earl ee Oxford kaasoo markii dambe ku qasbay raggii Norfolk inay ka gudbaan goobta dagaalka. .                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            laqaad                              in ladilo ninkii la tartamayey Richard oo uu ku dhawaaqo guul. Qorshaha noocan oo kale ah si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma dhicin Richard oo isku arkay in ay hareereeyeen Lord Stanley iyo raggiisa, taas oo keentay in uu ku dhinto goobta dagaalka.

Dhimashada Richard ayaa calaamad u ah dhammaadka House of York. Waxaa xusid mudan inuu sidoo kale ahaa boqorkii ugu dambeeyay ee Ingiriis ah ee ku dhinta dagaalka.

Dhanka kale, boqor cusub iyo boqortooyo cusub ayaa magac u yeelan doona naftiisa: Tudors.

>Jessica Maskaxdu waa qoraa madaxbanaan oo ku takhasusay taariikhda. Ku salaysan Kent oo jecel wax walba oo taariikhi ah.