1918年的西班牙流感大流行

 1918年的西班牙流感大流行

Paul King

"我有一只小鸟

它的名字是Enza

我打开了窗户、

还有流感"。

(1918年儿童游乐场的儿歌)

See_also: 哈利顿山之战

1918年的 "西班牙流感 "大流行是20世纪最大的医学灾难之一。 这是一场全球性的大流行病,一种通过空气传播的病毒影响了每一个大陆。

由于当时正值第一次世界大战期间,报纸受到审查(德国、美国、英国和法国都对可能降低士气的新闻进行了媒体封锁),因此尽管其他地方也有流感病例,但西班牙的病例才是头条新闻。 首批伤亡人员之一是西班牙国王。

虽然不是由第一次世界大战引起的,但人们认为在英国,这种病毒是由从法国北部战壕回国的士兵传播的。 士兵们开始患上所谓的 "格利普",其症状是喉咙痛、头痛和食欲不振。 虽然在战壕狭窄的原始条件下具有高度传染性,但通常会迅速恢复。而医生起初称其为 "三天热"。

流感在英国的爆发是一波接一波的,在一战结束时达到顶峰。 战争结束后,从法国北部返回的军队乘坐火车回家。 当他们到达火车站时,流感也从火车站蔓延到城市中心,然后到郊区和农村。 不限于阶级,任何人都可能感染它。 首相其他一些著名的幸存者包括漫画家沃尔特-迪斯尼、美国总统伍德罗-威尔逊、活动家圣雄甘地、演员格丽塔-嘉宝、画家爱德华-蒙克和德国皇帝威廉二世。

See_also: 国王爱德华六世

20至30岁的年轻成年人尤其受到影响,这种疾病在这些病例中发作和发展迅速。 发病速度极快。 那些在早餐时健康无恙的人在下午时分可能已经死亡。 在感觉到疲劳、发烧和头痛的第一个症状后的几个小时内,一些受害者会迅速发展成肺炎并开始变蓝,表明氧气短缺。然后他们会挣扎着呼吸,直到窒息而死。

医院不堪重负,甚至连医科学生都被征召来帮忙。 医生和护士们工作到了极限,尽管他们能做的很少,因为没有治疗流感的方法,也没有治疗肺炎的抗生素。

在1918/19年的大流行期间,全世界有超过5000万人死亡,四分之一的英国人口受到影响。 仅在英国就有22.8万人死亡。 全球死亡率不详,但估计在感染者中占10%至20%。

在那一年,死于流感的人数比1347年至1351年黑死病泡泡糖瘟疫的四年中的人数还要多。

到大流行结束时,整个世界上只有一个地区没有报告疫情:位于巴西亚马逊河三角洲的一个叫马拉霍的孤岛。

直到2020年,另一种大流行病才席卷全球:Covid-19。 据信这种疾病起源于中国的武汉省,迅速蔓延到除南极洲以外的所有大陆。 大多数政府选择了封锁人口和经济的策略,以努力减缓感染的速度并保护其卫生系统。 瑞典是一个国家,它相反,瑞典选择了社会疏导和手部卫生:起初的结果比一些锁定了几个月的国家要好,但随着2020年初秋第二波感染的到来,瑞典也选择了更严格的地方准则。 与年轻人受影响最大的西班牙流感不同,Covid-19似乎在老年人群中最为致命。

与西班牙流感一样,没有人能够幸免于这种病毒:英国首相鲍里斯-约翰逊在2020年4月因Covid-19住院,美利坚合众国总统特朗普在10月也遭受了类似的痛苦。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.