拿破仑在圣赫勒拿岛的流亡经历

 拿破仑在圣赫勒拿岛的流亡经历

Paul King

想象一下,当拿破仑意识到他并没有像他预期的那样被放逐到美国,而是被放逐到大西洋中部偏远的圣赫勒拿岛时,他是多么的沮丧。 圣赫勒拿岛距离非洲西海岸最近的陆地有1200英里,是拿破仑流放的理想选择......毕竟,英国人最不想看到的就是厄尔巴岛的重演!

1815年10月15日,拿破仑在诺森伯兰号上经过十周的海上航行,抵达圣赫勒拿。

威廉-巴尔科姆(William Balcombe)是东印度公司的雇员,也是法国皇帝曾经的家庭朋友,他在拿破仑刚到岛上时把他安置在布里亚斯亭。 然而几个月后的1815年12月,皇帝被转移到附近的朗伍德楼,据说这个房子特别冷,不受欢迎,而且有老鼠出没。

上图:今天的龙湖大厦

拿破仑在岛上的时候,哈德逊-罗威爵士被任命为圣赫勒拿岛总督。 罗威的主要职责是确保他不逃跑,同时也为拿破仑及其随行人员提供补给。 虽然他们只见过六次面,但他们的关系有据可查,非常紧张和激烈。 他们争论的主要问题是,罗威拒绝称呼拿破仑为帝国的皇帝。然而五年后,拿破仑终于赢得了罗威,并说服他建造一个新的龙湖大厦。 然而他在岛上流亡了六年后,就在大厦竣工前去世了。 第二次世界大战后,新的龙湖大厦被拆除,以腾出空间建造一个乳品厂。

今天,长木屋被认为是所有拿破仑博物馆中最有情调和气氛的地方,因为它保留了1821年的原始家具,并辅以900多件文物。 由于岛上的法国名誉领事米歇尔-丹科伊斯内-马蒂诺的支持,在拿破仑基金会和2000多名捐赠者的支持下,长木屋的参观者现在还可以看到一个精确的拿破仑在1821年5月5日去世的房间的复制品。

上图:拿破仑在龙湖大厦的床铺

长木大厦将军府的重建工作由米歇尔监督,于2014年6月完成。 将军府的外观是根据艾博森博士1821年的水彩画设计的,看起来就像拿破仑去世时的样子。 相比之下,内部是现代的,作为一个多功能的活动空间。 摄政时期风格的壁炉是其中的一个重要特征。新的将军宿舍还包括两套住宿公寓。 1985年至2010年期间,米歇尔是岛上唯一的法国人。 然而,现在又有两个法国人--一个目前在机场项目工作,另一个在教法语!这两个人都是法国人!

拿破仑最初被埋葬在SaneValley,这是他第二选择的埋葬地点,直到法国人在他死后19年才获准将他的尸体运回法国。 拿破仑的遗体现在被埋葬在巴黎的Les Invalides,然而来到圣赫勒拿岛的游客可以参观他的空墓,它用栅栏围起来,周围有大量的鲜花和松树。

上图:拿破仑在圣赫勒拿岛的原始墓穴

拿破仑的死因仍有争议。 人们仍在猜测他是被毒死的,还是仅仅死于无聊。 还有证据表明,从尸检中可以看出他患有溃疡,影响了他的肝脏和肠道。

See_also: 英国的咖喱

圣赫勒拿总督在种植园的官邸仍然保留着拿破仑的一个吊灯,而岛上的一个小旅馆,农场旅馆,声称有一个来自Longwood House的躺椅。

今天,圣赫勒拿岛所有的拿破仑景点,包括长木屋、布里亚斯亭和拿破仑墓,都归法国政府所有。

希望追随拿破仑足迹的游客可以从开普敦登上皇家邮船 "圣赫勒拿 "号(在海上航行10天,在圣赫勒拿岛停留4晚)。 在岛上后可以通过圣赫勒拿岛旅游局安排参观拿破仑的住所、朗伍德宫和布里亚尔亭。 圣赫勒拿岛的第一个机场于2016年完工。

See_also: 历史上的威尔特郡指南

上图:接近圣赫勒拿岛的皇家邮船。

你可以了解更多关于圣赫勒拿岛和拿破仑流放的信息:

  • 圣赫勒拿岛旅游
  • 阅读布莱恩-昂温的书《可怕的流放,拿破仑在圣赫勒拿岛的最后日子》。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.