斯威恩-福克比德(Sweyn Forkbeard

 斯威恩-福克比德(Sweyn Forkbeard

Paul King

大多数人都听说过英格兰的丹麦国王卡努特(Cnut the Great),根据传说,他试图指挥海浪。

然而,他的父亲Sweyn(斯维因)才是英格兰的第一位维京人国王。

Sweyn Forkbeard,英格兰被遗忘的国王,只统治了5个星期。 他在1013年的圣诞节被宣布为英格兰国王,并一直统治到1014年2月3日去世,尽管他从未加冕过。

斯韦恩因其长长的裂纹胡须而被称为叉胡子,是丹麦国王哈拉尔德-蓝牙的儿子,出生于公元960年左右。

虽然是维京战士,但斯维恩接受了基督教的洗礼,他的父亲已经皈依基督教。

尽管如此,斯维恩是一个生活在残酷时代的人;他是一个暴力的军阀和战士。 他的暴力生活是从反对自己的父亲开始的:大约在公元986年,斯维恩和他的盟友帕尔纳托克袭击并废黜了哈拉尔。

随后,斯维恩将注意力转向了英格兰,并在公元990年代初领导了一场恐惧和破坏运动,将该国的大片地区夷为平地。

See_also: 萨克岛,海峡群岛

埃瑟尔雷德(Ethelred the Unready)(意为 "不明智 "或 "无谋")是此时的英格兰国王。 他决定付钱给斯维恩,让他返回丹麦并离开这个国家,这项税收后来被称为Danegeld。

然而,这并不是一个非常成功的策略,丹麦人继续在英格兰北部掠夺,尽管规模较小。 一些人甚至开始在那里定居。 艾瑟理德被说服,为了保护英格兰,他必须将这些丹麦定居者赶出这片土地。

1002年11月13日的圣布里斯日,艾瑟尔雷德下令对英格兰的所有丹麦人进行大屠杀,包括男人、女人和孩子。 被杀的人中有斯维恩的妹妹贡希尔德。

See_also: 英国最小的警署

这对斯威恩来说太过分了:他发誓要向埃瑟尔雷德复仇,并于1003年带着一支入侵部队在英格兰登陆。 他的攻击规模空前,他的部队毫不留情地进行抢劫和掠夺。 由于破坏力太大,埃瑟尔雷德国王再次买通了丹麦人,以便让惊恐的民众获得喘息之机。

袭击一直断断续续,直到1013年,斯威恩再次回来入侵,这次在现代肯特郡的桑威奇登陆。 他在英格兰横冲直撞,受惊的当地人屈服于他的军队。 最后他把注意力转向伦敦,事实证明伦敦更难被征服。

起初,埃瑟尔雷德和他的盟友高个子索克尔坚守阵地反对他,但很快,人们开始担心如果他们不屈服会遭到严重报复。

由于对他们无能的国王感到失望,英格兰的伯爵们不情愿地宣布斯威恩为国王,而艾瑟尔雷德则逃往流亡,先是去了怀特岛,然后去了诺曼底。

Sweyn在1013年圣诞节被宣布为国王,但他的统治只持续了几个星期;1014年2月3日,他在他的首都林肯郡的甘斯伯勒突然去世。 Sweyn被埋葬在英格兰,他的尸体后来被移到丹麦的罗斯基德大教堂。

他是怎么死的并不确定,一种说法是他从马背上摔下来,另一种说法是他死于中风,但后来的一个传说是他在睡梦中被圣埃德蒙谋杀,他本人在9世纪被维京人杀害。 据说埃德蒙在夜深人静时从坟墓中回来,用长矛杀死了他。

脚注:考古学家最近在罗斯基勒大教堂发现了人类遗骸,该教堂是由哈拉尔德-蓝牙建造的旧木制教堂。 这具身份不明的骨架有可能是斯韦恩的。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.