橄榄球的历史

 橄榄球的历史

Paul King

现在全世界都知道的橄榄球运动,其起源可以追溯到2000多年前。 罗马人玩的球类游戏叫作 harpastum、 这个词来自希腊语的 "抓住",这个名字的含义是有人实际携带或处理球。

See_also: 托马斯-贝克特

最近,在中世纪的英格兰,文件记录了年轻人提前下班,为他们的村庄或城镇参加足球比赛。 在都铎时代,通过了法律,禁止" 魔鬼的消遣" 这场比赛的参赛者 魔鬼的消遣 有这样的记录...... "球员都是18-30岁或以上的年轻人;既有已婚的,也有单身的,还有许多对这项运动有兴趣的老兵,他们偶尔会在激烈的冲突中出现...... "有人会说,这样的描述在今天和多年前一样适用。

Shrove Tuesday成为这种冲突的传统时间。 全国各地的规则各不相同,从德比郡到多塞特,再到苏格兰,记录显示游戏有许多地区性的变化。 游戏经常在不明确的场地上进行--球被踢、被带、被赶,穿过城镇和村庄的街道,穿过田野、树篱和溪流。

现代橄榄球运动的根基可以追溯到一所学校,该学校是由美国人创办的。 年轻的先生们 拉格比学校的新址拥有"......为锻炼年轻绅士而可能需要的一切设施"。 这块八英亩的土地被称为 "关闭"。

1749年至1823年期间,足球比赛在近郊进行,规则很少:引入了边线,可以接球和处理球,但不允许持球跑动。 向对方球门前进通常是通过踢球实现的。 比赛可以持续五天,通常包括200多个男孩。 为了取乐,40名老年人可能会对两个百名低年级学生,高年级学生为这次活动做了准备,首先将他们的靴子送到镇上的鞋匠那里,换上了特别厚的鞋底,前面有斜面,以便更好地切入敌人的小腿!

正是在1823年秋天在Close进行的一场比赛中,比赛的面貌发生了变化,变成了今天可以识别的样子。 一位当地的历史学家这样描述这一历史事件:"威廉-韦伯-埃利斯完全无视他那个时代的比赛规则,第一次把球抱在怀里并带着它跑,从而开创了橄榄球比赛的独特特征。" 埃利斯根据当时的规则,他应该向后移动,给自己留出足够的空间,把球踢到场上,或者把球踢到球门上。 他可以免受对方的保护,因为他们只能前进到接球的地方。 由于无视这一规则,埃利斯接住了球,而不是退场,而是这是一个危险的动作,直到1841年才被写入快速发展的规则书。

See_also: 搅动星期天

橄榄球的规则和名声随着橄榄球学校男孩们的不断进步而迅速传播,首先是牛津大学和剑桥大学。 第一场大学比赛是在1872年进行的。 从大学毕业的教师们将橄榄球介绍给其他英国、威尔士和苏格兰的学校,并为那些已经转入军队的老橄榄球人提供海外职位。1871年,苏格兰在爱丁堡的Raeburn Place与英格兰进行了第一场国际比赛。

上面的照片显示了 年轻的先生们 他们装备前面的骷髅头和十字骨徽章,也许证明了比赛的温和性质,球的形状是由内部使用的猪膀胱决定的。

在最近的现代比赛中,英格兰队在2003年成为第一支赢得橄榄球世界杯的北半球球队。 下面是胜利的英格兰队队长马丁-约翰逊在橄榄球的发源地--沃里克郡的橄榄球学校的近距离签名的照片。

Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.