第一次世界大战在海上

 第一次世界大战在海上

Paul King

在一场世界大战中,对海洋的指挥将与战场上的成功一样,对确保胜利至关重要。

1914年8月战争爆发时,英国舰队在杰利科上将的指挥下,拥有20艘无畏战列舰和4艘战列巡洋舰,而德国舰队只有13艘无畏战列舰和3艘战列巡洋舰。

海上战争并非只在北方进行:1914年,北海之外最强大的德国中队是东亚中队。 1914年11月1日,德国舰艇在智利海岸的科罗内尔遭到袭击,导致两艘英国舰艇损失,英国遭遇罕见的失败。 德国人随后将目光投向福克兰群岛。 战列巡洋舰无敌号和坚韧号立即被派往南边的斯坦利港。 德国中队在意识到两艘战列巡洋舰在那里之前就开始了他们的攻击。 撤退时,他们被战列巡洋舰以其优越的火力轻易挑落。 东亚中队的威胁被消除了。

英国公众期待着会有第二次特拉法尔加--一场期待已久的皇家海军和德国公海舰队之间的对决--尽管1916年的日德兰海战仍然是历史上最大的海战,但其结果并不确定,尽管英国损失了 "不屈 "号、"玛丽皇后 "号和 "无敌 "号。

然而,越来越严重的是海面下的战争。 双方都试图通过封锁来切断对对方的食品和原材料供应。 德国潜艇(称为U型潜艇,简称 "U-boats")在海面上行驶。 场地 )现在正以惊人的速度击沉盟国的商船。

See_also: Robin Goodfellow

商船和军舰并不是唯一的伤亡者;U型潜艇往往一看到就开火,1915年5月7日,卢西塔尼亚号邮轮被击沉。 随后世界范围内的强烈抗议和来自华盛顿的压力迫使德国人禁止U型潜艇攻击中立国的航运和客轮。

德国U-38号潜水艇

到1917年,U型潜艇战争已经达到了一个危机点;潜艇现在频繁地击沉盟国的商船,以至于英国离严重的粮食短缺只有几周的时间。 皇家海军尝试了Q型船(伪装的武装商船),后来还引入了护航系统。

到1918年,U型潜艇已基本被制服,皇家海军在英吉利海峡和彭特兰海峡对德国的封锁已使其处于饥饿的边缘。 1918年11月21日,德国公海舰队投降了。

See_also: Ada Lovelace

停战后,公海舰队被关押在苏格兰的斯卡帕流,同时对其未来做出了决定。 由于担心船只会被胜利者夺走,舰队在德国指挥官冯-路透海军上将的命令下于1919年6月21日被炸毁。

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Paul King

Paul King is a passionate historian and avid explorer who has dedicated his life to uncovering the captivating history and rich cultural heritage of Britain. Born and raised in the majestic countryside of Yorkshire, Paul developed a deep appreciation for the stories and secrets buried within the ancient landscapes and historic landmarks that dot the nation. With a degree in Archaeology and History from the renowned University of Oxford, Paul has spent years delving into archives, excavating archaeological sites, and embarking on adventurous journeys across Britain.Paul's love for history and heritage is palpable in his vivid and compelling writing style. His ability to transport readers back in time, immersing them in the fascinating tapestry of Britain's past, has earned him a respected reputation as a distinguished historian and storyteller. Through his captivating blog, Paul invites readers to join him on a virtual exploration of Britain's historical treasures, sharing well-researched insights, captivating anecdotes, and lesser-known facts.With a firm belief that understanding the past is key to shaping our future, Paul's blog serves as a comprehensive guide, presenting readers with a wide range of historical topics: from the enigmatic ancient stone circles of Avebury to the magnificent castles and palaces that once housed kings and queens. Whether you are a seasonedhistory enthusiast or someone seeking an introduction to the enthralling heritage of Britain, Paul's blog is a go-to resource.As a seasoned traveler, Paul's blog is not limited to the dusty volumes of the past. With a keen eye for adventure, he frequently embarks on on-site explorations, documenting his experiences and discoveries through stunning photographs and engaging narratives. From the rugged highlands of Scotland to the picturesque villages of the Cotswolds, Paul takes readers along on his expeditions, unearthing hidden gems and sharing personal encounters with local traditions and customs.Paul's dedication to promoting and preserving the heritage of Britain extends beyond his blog as well. He actively participates in conservation initiatives, helping to restore historical sites and educate local communities about the importance of preserving their cultural legacy. Through his work, Paul strives not only to educate and entertain but also to inspire a greater appreciation for the rich tapestry of heritage that exists all around us.Join Paul on his captivating journey through time as he guides you to unlock the secrets of Britain's past and discover the stories that shaped a nation.